She comes from Zamość. She graduated from the Catholic University of Lublin in Sociology, from the Maria Skłodowska-Curie University in International Relations and completed postgraduate studies at the University of Warsaw in Enterprise Management. She is also a graduate of the Łazarski University, where she completed MBA studies. She acted as the Vice-President and President of the European Meeting Centre – Nowy Staw Foundation where she started her work as a volunteer.

In 2010, she directed the Polish branch of the Habitat for Humanity organisation. After 2012, she was involved in advisory activities with regard to HR, labour market and EU funds. In the years 2016-2017, she was the Director of the International Cooperation Department at the Ministry of Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation.
From 2017 to 2020, she was the Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation. Later, in the years 2020-2021, she acted as the President of the Management Board in Baltic Power. Since 2021, she has been the Director of offshore wind farms office at the Orlen company.

On 26 October 2021, she was appointed by the President of the Republic of Poland, Andrzej Duda, as the Minister of Climate and Environment. In March 2023, Anna Moskwa became Vice Chair of the governing board of the International Energy Agency.